Organization at the organism level: categories, chemical reactions, energy flow. Organization at the population level: temporal changes, interactions, mathematical models. Organization at the ecosystem level: energy flow, bio-geochemical cycles, mathematical models. Introduction to aquatic chemistry, physicochemical properties of water, methods of expressing concentration of chemical compounds in water. Stoichiometry of chemical reactions, acid base reactions, oxidation reduction reactions. Buffering capacity of water, carbonate system, solubility of solids and gases in water. Human population and environment. Natural environment, deforestation, soil pollution, environmental impact assessment. Urban environment, indoor air pollution, noise pollution. General toxic pollutants, ionizing radiation. Water pollution, oxygen depletion, eutrophication. Atmospheric pollution, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect. Introduction to pollution control technology. Economic development and the environment.