Applied Hydraulics

1. Introduction. Characteristics, types, basic equations and analysis techniques of flows. 2. Distribution of flow velocity near walls. * Equations for turbulent flow. Turbulent stresses. Flow velocity distributions. *3. Theoretical analysis of flow in circular pipes. Entrance region and uniform flow. Friction losses, friction factor and the Darcy-Weisbach equation. Distribution of flow velocities and shear stresses in laminar and turbulent flow. Effect of rough walls. The Moody chart. 4. Practical problems of flow in pipes. Types of simple problems. Problems with pumps and turbines. Multiple pipe-systems . Pipes in series and parallel pipes. Complex problems. 5. Flow in non-circular ducts. Hydraulic radius and diameter. Friction losses. Flow between parallel plates. 6. Introduction to open channel flow. Characteristics and basic equations for steady flow. 7. Uniform flow. Equations for uniform flow. The Manning formula. Calculation of normal depth. 8. Critical flow. Equations of specific energy and force. Calculation of critical depth. Critical flow applications in prismatic rectangular channels. Hydraulic jump. 9. Practical problems of open channel flow. Simple design problems for unlined and lined channels. Simple problems of gradually varied flow. Classification and analysis of flow profiles.